9 February 2025 by Claire Allen

  1. Such as the bandit and murderer Pierre Archilon, who was tortured in the fifteenth century. See Françoise Gasparri, Crimes et châtiments en Provence au temps du roi René. Procédure criminelle au 15e siècle (Paris, Le Léopard d'Or, 1989)

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  2. Edward Peters, Torture (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996), 44-45.

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  3. Ibid., 69.

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  4. This has been recently shown by Faustine Harang in her thesis, focusing on the use of torture in the later Middle Ages in the kingdom of France: Faustine Harang, La torture au Moyen Âge: XIVe-XVe siècles (Presses Universitaires de France, 2017).

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  5. Examples for this essay are from ADBR B 1888, but the same type of object can be found in the registers B 1886, B 1887, B 1889, B 1890, B 1893, B 1895, B 1896, B 1898, B 1900. On this type of source, see Jean-Luc Bonnaud, "La transmission de l'information administrative en Provence au XIVème siècle: l'exemple de la viguerie de Forcalquier," Provence historique 46 (1996): 211-228.

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  6. Peters, Torture, 35

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  7. ADBR B 1892, fol. 166r: magistro Isnardo Capucii fusterio (...) de mandato et consciencia dominorum vicarii et judicis pro reparatione costelli per eum facta qui costellus in terram fractus ceciderat (...).;ADBR B 1892, fol. 167r: magistro Petro Nasoli corderio de Forcalquerio pro corda eculey per eum facta (...) cum qua malefactores ad torturam elevarunt de consciencia et mandato dominorum vicarii et judicis.

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  8. ADBR B 1898, fol. 2v: cordam novam equley emptam per dictum olim clavarium magistrum Franciscum Pauli.

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  9. ADBR 56 H 2883. Botelhe's co-accused is also forced to face the instrument of torture in pede acculei.

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