16 September 2023 by Daniel Lord Smail

  1. Louis Stouff, Ravitaillement et alimentation en Provence aux XIVe et XVe siècles, Civilisations et Sociétés 20 (Paris: Mouton, 1970); idem, “Les Juifs et l’alimentation en Provence à la fin de la période médiévale,” in Armand Lunel et les Juifs du Midi, ed. Carol Iancu (Montpellier: SUP, 1986), 141–54; idem, La table provençale: boire et manger en Provence à la fin du Moyen Âge (Avignon: Éditions A. Barthélemy, 1996).

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  2. Elisheva Baumgarten, Practicing Piety in Medieval Ashkenaz: Men, Women, and Everyday Religious Observance, Jewish Culture and Contexts (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014), pp. 181-182.

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  3. The wearing of head coverings by Jewish women was also mandated by the church. Du Cange reports that the Council of Arles, in 1234, legislated that Jewish women older than 12 years of age should wear oralia, a requirement repeated in the statutes of Marseille compiled several decades later.

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  4. It appears in the commentary on Ketubot 28a, which corresponds to Babylonian Talmud, Ketubot 64b.

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