24 July 2024 by Emma Tomlins

  1. The four inventories featured here were originally edited by J.-P. Bénézet, and prepared for publication in Historical Pharmacopeias by Garrin Brandl and Ryan Low.

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  2. The ointment was supposedly used by the final Jewish King of Judea himself; see Faye Marie Getz, Healing and Society in Medieval England: A Middle English Translation of the Pharmaceutical Writings of Gilbertus Anglicus (Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2010, 312).

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  3. See Elaine Leong, “Making Medicines in the Early Modern Household,” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 82, no. 1 (2008): 145–68.

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  4. Leong, “Making Medicines.” Guy de Chauliac, Chirurgia Magna (Lyon: Johanes Fabri, 1490).

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  5. Leong, “Making Medicines.”

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  6. University of Michigan, “Middle English Compendium.” Middle English Dictionary, 2023

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  7. Robert Tallaksen, “John Ward’s Latin,” In Folgerpedia, 2024, retrieved from https://folgerpedia.folger.edu/John_Ward%27s_Latin#Alchemical_Symbols_and_Other_Abbreviations; Getz, Healing and Society in Medieval England; Faye Marie Getz, “The Pharmaceutical Writings of Gilbertus Anglicus,” Pharmacy in History 34, no. 1 (1992): 17–25; Gilbertus Anglicus, Practica Medicinae in Middle English, plus Miscellaneous Practical Medical Treatises, Miscellanea Medica VII, 1462, Wellcome Collection, retrieved from https://wellcomecollection.org/works/jz6gu2rj.

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  8. Tallaksen, “John Ward’s Latin.”

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  9. Paula De Vos, “European Materia Medica in Historical Texts: Longevity of a Tradition and Implications for Future Use,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132, no. 1 (2010): 28–47; Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. “Plants of the World Online,” retrieved from https://powo.science.kew.org/.

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